kato

Depends on whether you:   1) find an employer taking you on for a FSJ without German knowledge 2) find a language school that accomodates your work hours. or alternatively find a place specifically as an "incoming FSJ"   FSJ is full-time work, standard is somewhere between 38.5 and 41 hours per week, depending on employer also in shifts including night shift.   There are places that do hire "incoming FSJ" and may include some sort of language course, however most of these already expect a B1 German certificate from applicants. There are some that don't but they often have some peculiarities (e.g. Diakonisches Werk, which also takes people with "good English knowledge", but limits applicants for this particular programme to those pre-filtered and nominated by particular associated churches in South Africa and Brazil).   Since you've put Africa as location be aware that it is somewhat notoriously difficult to get a visa for FSJ in Germany for citizens of most African (and South American) countries.

  They will likely want to have a look (to ascertain it's the same goods as stated in the papers). There are a number of Zollstellen along the border, map with list and contact data: http://www.pwebapps.ezv.admin.ch/apps/dst/?lang=1 Probably would make sense to call or send an email with regard to what they need you to present where once you have that paperwork.   ----   If the handgun has CIP markings it should be good. The proofing is mostly about certifying whether the gun is safe to fire under current standards, CIP countries all have a common standard there. Having this certification is relevant for insurance, in addition you are also not allowed to sell or even temporarily hand over an unproofed firearm to another person. Cost is only around 25 Euro, two weeks wait time. It basically only needs to be done once, unless there are significant (structural) changes made to the gun.   ---   If you move within Germany the permit is not affected. For the initial 12-month period avoid switching between clubs of different national associations (i.e. e.g. only train in clubs organized as part of Deutscher Schützenbund / DSB - there are some competing organizations such as Deutsche Schießsportunion) and also try to stay within shooting clubs organized in one state. These associations have to co-sign your Bedürfnis - typically these national associations do not accept training within a competing organization as valid, and also require membership (at state level) for 12 months. Currently required training - at least within DSB - is either once per month or - with a maximum of 3 months between two sessions - 18 times in a year. For more than 2 handguns - as a sports shooter - you'd also need to enter competitions with them (twice per year), thus proving that you need the "extra training gear".   Small note on that last sentence: A "green WBK" (for sports shooting) regularly allows registering up to three long arms and two handguns. In addition you're limited to registering maximum two firearms in any rolling six-month period.   ---   Carrying a weapon is allowed within a home, business, or generally befriedetes Besitztum (fenced-in estate - as in having physical measures preventing others from trespassing), in all cases either your own or those owned by another person who has given you permission. In addition carrying is allowed at shooting ranges for the purpose for which your WBK is issued (i.e. for sports shooting). Transport between these estates is only allowed "inaccessible, non-shootable".   When you are not carrying the weapon you need to lock it up to prevent misuse by others. Ammunition also needs to be locked up. Detail document on that listing requirements for gun safes: https://www.bva.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Buerger/Ausweis-Dokumente-Recht/Waffenrecht/Einzelerlaubnisse/merkblatt_waffenaufbewahrung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4

  Oh boy. I don't think you have quite an idea what you're getting into.   for a WBK through a shooting club (sports license for both long guns and handguns) assume minimum one year after starting to train there regularly. Common requirement: 18 training sessions over a space of 12 months before application - depends a bit on the weapons agency (and sometimes shooting club). Also earmark a couple hundred Euro for the required training course for weapons handling. Forget about the hunting license, that would be way more complicated. Oh, and i hope you're over 25 and have no problem with domestic intelligence running a standard inquest. pre-register the weapons on your WBK before moving them. Apply for an import permit (Verbringungsbewilligung, §29 AWaffV) for the weapons that you already own. Note that you'd also have to do so for any ammunition. I assume you have the necessary documentation for the weapons in Switzerland, including proof of longterm ownership (in particular if you're not a Swiss citizen the Waffenerwerbsschein). Apply with Zentralstelle Waffen in Bern for a Waffenbegleitschein (note: if the rifle is in 7.5x55 apply with SECO for export of war material). Note that this export documentation will only be sent to Swiss addresses. Definitely when crossing the border take the Begleitschein, Verbringungsbewilligung, WBK, proof of ownership and weapons in with Swiss border control (legal requirement) and probably also German border control. Definitely make sure to take a direct road and do not pass through a third country (Austria, France) Register the weapons with your local weapons agency in Germany within two weeks after you have imported them. A weapon moved to within territory in which German weapons law applies needs to be proofmarked by a CIP country. Switzerland is not a CIP country, and privately owned weapons in Switzerland are not required to be proofed at all. The weapon (definitely the rifle) will therefore need to be proofed by a local Beschussamt in Germany. For the handgun it depends on whether it was produced in a CIP country. Relatively cheap, but requires some time. You will also need to transport the weapons in an "inaccessible, non-shootable" state at all times. Commonly meaning in a weapons case securely locked up, preferably disassembled and with that case in the trunk of your car. Any ammunition in the car to be stored separately, preferably but not necessasily similarly locked up. Maximum mass limits (50 kg) applies if you don't have a hazardous goods permit.

For water: Check your rental contract. It is legally possible for the landlord to distribute water cost non-usage-dependent, i.e. by distributing the overall usage to all apartments as done here. Needs to be contractually laid down though.   For heating: They didn't read the meters around the turn of the calculation period, i.e. at the end of the year (+-2 weeks) ? (possibly remotely, not on site - if on site, was there an announcement somewhere at the front door or staircase entrance?)   Also note that your point of contact is always the landlord or (for day-to-day business like this) the Hausverwaltung that he contracted to do this job. The company doing the calculation - Kalorimeta - is contracted by the landlord and doesn't have anything to do with you.

  Uh, no, you might be misunderstanding something there. This isn't a bill. This is a Betriebskostenabrechnung, i.e. a statement of what costs were actually incurred. The landlord is legally obliged to give this statement to the renter for transparency.  

  Since no one really answered the question:   Discrimination with regard to rental contracts for housing is regulated by §19 AGG. Possible discriminatory items under AGG are race or ethnicity, gender, religion or philosophy, disability, age, sexual identity.   §19 (1) AGG - no discrimination based on any of the above items (*) allowed for "mass contracting", set at a landlord owning a minimum of 50 apartments (**). §19 (2) AGG - no discrimination based on race or ethnicity with regard to rental contracts in general. §19 (3) AGG - discrimination based on gender, religion or philosophy, disability, age or sexual identity allowed "with a view towards the creation and maintenance of socially stable settlement structures and a balanced economic, social and cultural environment" §19 (4) AGG - discrimination based on all items, incl. race, is allowed if landlord and renter share the same living space. Courts have clarified this to mean the same estate, not just the same apartment.   (*) philosophy can be considered as a possible legal discrimination in this case, since it's not explicitly listed. (**) §20 AGG factually excepts religious communities from this with regard to religious-based discrimination (and only on that basis!).   Additionally under §20 AGG exemptions apply if a sufficient sachlicher Grund is stated, mostly pertaining to safety (e.g. it can be possible to state that an apartment due to how it is constructed is not suitable for wheelchair users or e.g. for blind people).   Language in itself is not a discriminatory item under AGG. It can be a derivative item insofar as it pertains to a particular ethnicity - e.g. stating "in diesem Haus wird nur Deutsch gesprochen" in an ad would be a definitive discrimination based on ethnicity (and yes, such ads weren't exactly uncommon 20-30 years ago).

  Jobcenters apply a socalled "Nichtprüfgrenze", which basically typically multiplies the maximum allowed square meters with the local Mietspiegel per-square-meter average price. If your apartment falls below that in cost they'll let it slip through even if it's larger.   In the neighborhood of Heidelberg i live in there is currently exactly one apartment listed on Immobilienscout24 (out of five offers) that would fall below that cost limit for a 1- or 2-person BG though, and that one isn't applicable because it's furnished and inclusive of some other costs.  

  Just as a note, since the wording may be a bit misleading: 60 square meters is the absolute maximum considered permissible for a 2-person Bedarfsgemeinschaft applying for ALG2 or Grundsicherung.

  In Baden-Württemberg it's 80% of the standardized cost of a pupil at a state school (full-time education) that a school can get if it offers standard curriculum leading to a formal degree - this explicitly includes Waldorf Schools. Since this is paid per-student the actual percentage relative to cost of course depends on how economical the school is run (e.g. class sizes).   In return for this subsidization for these schools tuition fees for parents are capped. They basically have to offer a 165 Euro package for low-income parents as well as the option of getting a "standard curriculum" package (no fancy extras) for 5% of net household income.  

  Depends on the school and most importantly the state. In Baden-Württemberg for example Waldorf schools are explicitly subsidized by the state, while Montessori schools are formally standard schools and thus also receive subsidies. International schools by comparison are usually not subsidized by the state, and leverage their costs in full from parents. Depending on state tuition fees may also be legally capped, at least for schools that receive subsidies and/or are legally acknowledged replacement schools for public education. Usually there tends to be an income-dependent fee table as well.   With all private schools of "alternative" kinds look into the educational concepts for the individual school itself - just because School A and School B are both Waldorf schools doesn't mean they even remotely do the same thing.