Well, there are really only 2 supermarkets within reasonable walking distance of the S-Bahn station.
Lidl is 2 minutes from the station on Teltower Damm. There's also Reichelt on Martin-Buber-Strasse. It's about 5 minutes away.
There's also a Kaisers on Clayallee and a Rewe on Ladiusstrasse, but they're a bit further away and it could be a hassle if you're carrying heavy things.
Oh and there's a Bio Company on Teltower Damm, but that's not really a "normal supermarket"
For fruit and vegetables, there's a small stand under the station. He has great stuff and is reasonably priced.